What Should Investors Do Now?

“No one knows anything.”

“There is a science to investing.”

Given the market volatility and the steep declines of the last year or so, which quote would you agree with?

My answer is that I agree with both statements.  Here’s why.

Absolutely no one can successfully predict the short term direction of the stock market, the value of the dollar or gold, the movement in interest rates, etc., etc. When it comes to investing, there is no magic formula. There are no gurus who can foretell the future and help you “beat the market.”

On the other hand, there are approaches that work very well in the long term. For example, there is a fundamental relationship between risk and (expected) return. Ignore it at your own peril.

And you can learn from the past; you can devise a sensible strategy. Most of all, by following a long term buy-and-hold approach with a diversified portfolio that is matched to your risk tolerance, you can avoid the big mistakes of being too optimistic or too pessimistic.

For a thorough presentation on the intellectual underpinnings of a buy-and-hold approach and what investors should consider as they move forward, I highly recommend the video, What Should Investors Do Now? by Weston J. Wellington of Dimensional Fund Advisors.

This multi-part presentation includes “an examination of capital markets, the effects of recession and government policy on stock prices, how the current market stacks up to previous downturns, and the reasons why our core beliefs have not changed in light of these events.”

If you hold an MBA in Finance, you’ll find this video to be a valuable review of capital markets and portfolio management. If, like most people, you’re merely an ordinary investor, one just trying to figure things out, this will be an extremely useful introduction to the evidence that supports a sensible  long- term approach to investing.

So, grab a cup of coffee or tea, then sit back and enjoy the show. It is over an hour long, but you can view it in segments.

Watch it here.

Dow Jones Music Video

Is it possible to be as proud of a friend’s child as you would be of one of your own?

Adam Baff, whom I have known for 30 years, is the son of close friends. Adam has many talents, and recently he wrote the music and lyrics for the Dow Jones Music Video.

I think it is very well done and effectively uses humor, irony, and great visuals to express the many moods we’ve all experienced. No doubt, for many of us, the last few months have been “trying” (to say the least), but Adam’s tongue-in-cheek view of life in these United States gives us something to smile about. Adam’s band Downsize performed the music, and the video features Nicole O’Connell an aspiring model/actress.

The link to the YouTube video is here.

The song is available for purchase at Amazon.com and also through iTunes.

So, I ask again, is it possible to be as proud of a friend’s child as you would be of one of your own? Absolutely! Way to go, Adam.

The Scream of the Lizard

Bob Veres writes a well-respected newsletter for financial planners. Recently Russ Thornton posted one of Mr. Veres’ articles, The Scream of the Lizard.

I loved this article, because I believe that Veres captures, so perfectly, the fear that is motivating, not just many inexperienced investors, but himself, as well. What’s interesting is that, while he has a very well developed and rational understanding of what investing in the stock market sometimes entails, he is still gripped by the fear of the “roller coaster ride” and the scary (but unrealistic) feeling that we are about to fall into the abyss.

Even though he knows better, he still can’t help the way he feels, because of what he refers to as “the lizard-like part of the back of (the) brain” which screams “against all logic and against many things I (know) to be true.”

If you are extremely fearful and cannot possibly imagine that there is a bottom to the stock market, give yourself a little understanding and possibly a little more TLC. You are not alone; in fact, you are in good company.

I recommend that you read the whole article, but here is the conclusion.

I’m one of those financial media types, and also a pundit on occasion, and I can tell you that I can hear the lizard’s scream echoing across the financial landscape, so loudly that it’s hard to remember that stocks are on a fire sale now and they are certainly a hell of a lot less risky than they were last August, and that these rides are seldom fatal to those who stay in their seats, and they are usually at least harmful to those who panic, unhook their seatbelts and jump over the side toward the distant anthill below.

I can hardly wait to look back on those charts and wonder what the hell we were thinking getting so panicky about a blip, and I know at that time that the lizard will be giving me a different message: that if only I’d had the sense to buy when everybody else was selling…

This too shall pass, and 99% of your brain knows it. The market belongs to the lizard now, and I am ashamed to admit that I, the pundit, the media guru, still feel that sense of panic on the way down, irrational as I know it is. I feel it so much that sometimes I can barely hear the rational part of my mind over the screaming that echoes that are calling up from a deeper part of my consciousness. I would curse the designer of this roller coaster, as I did the fiend who put that damn thing up at Sea World, but I’m afraid this time it is us, collectively, who designed our own fear machine.

Nobody is Buying Stocks?

“One of the funny things about the stock market is that every time one person buys, another sells, and both think they are astute.” – William Feather.

As stock prices have declined this week, I have noticed some sloppy journalism. According to newspapers and TV programs, there is so much pessimism about the economy that no one is buying stocks. Clearly if everyone else is selling, you would be foolish to be a buyer.

To get a sense of this interpretation, take a look at today’s New York Times article Slump Humbling Blue-Chip Stocks, Once Dow’s Pride by Jack Healy.

Here are some relevant quotes with my comments:

“With so much uncertainty, investors are parachuting out of companies like banks, retailers and utilities, and abandoning stock markets everywhere from Asia to Europe to Wall Street.” (Parachuting? Nice metaphor.)

“No one is taking a back-seat approach. Everyone is just selling.” – Peter I. Cardillo, chief market economist at Avalon Partners.  (Everyone?)

“Nobody wants to be invested, that’s the problem. I don’t believe we’re at the bottom yet.” – Eric Ross, director of research at the brokerage firm Canaccord Adams. (Nobody?)

A similar story was portrayed in an article in the Wall Street Journal, Stocks Hit ’97 Level, Signaling Long Slump, on March 3, 2009 by Tom Lauricella and Annelena Lobb.

Here are a few quotes with my comments.

“It’s like an unending nightmare” – Kent Engelke, managing director at Capital Securities Management . (This is an exaggeration and seems to suggest prices will continue to drop.)

“The relentless decline is pushing investors to the sidelines.” (Not really. See explanation below.)

“I want to wait for a firm turnaround, and be as safe as possible,” Bijon Mishras, a financial-services consultant in New York. (Whoa, Nelly. Remember this quote and see how it turns out.)

“Nobody wants to buy a market today that they think is going to be down 2 or 3% tomorrow,” says Michael O’Rourke, chief market strategist at brokerage firm BTIG LLC. (Nobody?)

A Reality Check

Yes, the economic news coming out of everywhere is very bad, and yes, stock prices have had steep declines. But guess what? Every single time that someone sells a stock position, someone is on the other side of that transaction. Every single time. What do we call such a person? Insane? No. How about “buyer.” Sellers and buyers must be equal!

For every person who sells because he or she doesn’t like the prospects for the future (a.k.a a “pessimist”), there is someone who is buying (a.k.a. an “optimist”). That person thinks the investment is at a great price. Those two groups of investors or participants in the market have to be in equilibrium at all times.

When you look at it from that perspective, you don’t get the overwhelming sense of doom that the media creates — that there’s only one way for prices to go, and that is down. If that really is the case, then there are a lot of crazy people who are buying now.  I don’t think so.

The fact that prices have been going down does not mean that they will continue to go down. Just as in 1999, the fact that prices had been going up did not mean that it was a good time to buy stocks.

Risk/Reward

No one knows what tomorrow will bring, but unless capitalism ceases to function, stockholders will be rewarded in the long term for owning stocks and for taking risks. Yes, there is risk in owning stocks, as we have recently experienced. Since we’ve already seen the risk, how about staying around for the reward?

An old Wall Street proverb is that “Nobody rings a bell at the top or the bottom of a market.”

Are you waiting for that bell to ring? Don’t.

Searching for a Better Investment Guru

U.S. stocks declined yesterday to the lowest prices in more than 12 years. The Standard and Poor’s 500 closed at 700. You would think that now would be a very good time to have a reliable investment guru offer sage advice and words of wisdom. Times are tough, the economy is tanking and there is panic in the streets (Wall Street and Main Street, both). What is an investor to do? Should she buy, sell, hold? “Surely,” you think, “the ‘experts’ must know.” Unfortunately, you’d be thinking wrong; the correct answer is that he or she really doesn’t.

Last month, in an article titled Why the Experts Missed the Crash, Money Magazine published an interview with UC Berkeley Haas Business School professor Philip Tetlock. The professor has spent his career evaluating experts and authorities in a variety of fields, and he is not at all surprised that the vast majority of financial “gurus” failed to predict the recent steep market decline.

Here is a summary of the article:

Despite everything, we can’t shake the belief that elite forecasters know better than the rest of us what the future holds.

The record, unfortunately, proves no such thing. And no one knows that record better than Philip Tetlock, 54, a professor of organizational behavior at the Haas Business School at the University of California-Berkeley. Tetlock is the world’s top expert on, well, top experts. Some 25 years ago, he began an experiment to quantify the forecasting skill of political experts.

Tetlock has analyzed “not just what the experts said but how they thought: how quickly they embraced contrary evidence, for example, or reacted when they were wrong. And wrong they usually were, barely beating out a random forecast generator.”

Why did so many experts miss the economic crash?

The people intimately involved in packaging [financial derivatives like] CDOs must have had some sense that they were unstable. But their superiors seem to have been lulled into complacency, partly because they were making a lot of money very fast and had no motivation to look closer. So greed played a role.

But hubris may have played a bigger one. … In this case the biggest source of hubris was the mathematical models that claimed you could turn iffy loans into investment-grade securities. The models rested on a misplaced faith in the law of large numbers and on wildly miscalculated estimates of the likelihood of a national collapse in real estate. But mathematics has a certain mystique. People get intimidated by it, and no one challenged the models.

Money has written about human mental quirks that lead ordinary folks to make investing mistakes. Do the same lapses affect experts’ judgment?

Of course. Like all of us, experts go wrong when they try to fit simple models to complex situations. (“It’s the Great Depression all over again!”) They go wrong when they leap to judgment or are too slow to change their minds in the face of contrary evidence.

An Alternative to Finding a Better Forecaster

A good part of the article explores the question “What makes some forecasters better than others?” Professor Tetlock has a detailed answer, which makes interesting reading. He recommends looking for “self-critical, eclectic thinkers who were willing to update their beliefs when faced with contrary evidence, were doubtful of grand schemes and were rather modest about their predictive ability.”

But my answer to the same question is radically different. I believe that it is futile to rely on gurus who have been right more often than others. Various “experts” will be right or wrong at different times, and you cannot, regrettably, know in advance when that will be. So if in essence, the future is unknowable, and experts are so unreliable, you need to have a strategy that does not depend on “accurate” forecasts.

No one, yes no one, knows how markets will behave in the short term. Accordingly, my recommended approach has been and continues to be a disciplined long-term strategy. To understand why, it is absolutely necessary to have perspective on financial history:

• There have been many financial crises in the past; none have proven fatal.
• We have experienced a dozen other Bear Markets since World War II.
• Stock prices have rebounded from all previous declines, even steep ones.
• The stock market goes up in roughly 3 out of every 4 years.
• Stock market losses are temporary; stock market gains are permanent.

Furthermore, waiting for the “right time” to invest doesn’t work for most people, most of the time. The likelihood is that you will miss out on the really strong rebounds that happen when you least expect them. In other words, don’t wait until it looks safe to invest in stocks.

Accordingly, I leave forecasting to the “experts” who according to Professor Tetloc “barely beat random guesses – the statistical equivalent of a dart-throwing chimp – and proved no better than predictions of reasonably well-read nonexperts.”

I do believe in controlling what I can:

• Costs (through low cost mutual funds)
• Risk (through global diversification and sensible asset allocation).

I believe in staying the course so as to participate in the eventual and inevitable recovery.

In short, I do not have a forecast; I have a philosophy and an approach. It’s not perfect, nothing in this world is, but experience shows that it works better than any other approach.

Financial Planners’ Reflections on 2008

I recently attended a meeting of financial planners in Northern New Jersey. Ordinarily, we meet once a month to listen to presentations given by experts on a variety of topics such as insurance, portfolio management and estate planning. This time, though, our group met specifically to discuss the recent upheaval of the stock markets and how that has affected, not just our clients, but us. (It’s been a very stressful year for planners.)

The members of our group are very experienced, individually and collectively, and they take financial planning and investment management very seriously. The consensus was that almost everyone has been adversely affected in some way or another by this year’s stock market decline. “It’s been a humbling experience,” said one planner.

Some members of the group expressed dissatisfaction with various mutual fund managers. Others revealed that they have revised their asset allocation recommendations, according to their changed outlook for various asset classes.

Here are some observations of general interest:

A great many people are genuinely frightened about the current economic situation, perhaps because the media continuously emphasizes the bad news. Some clients believe, rightly or wrongly, that the bad news will likely continue and things will probably get worse.

As various Wall Street industry icons went out of business, some clients became concerned about the financial stability of their custodians and Money Market accounts. Fortunately, planners were able to reassure their respective clients about these issues.

Planners are referring to 2008 as a “black swan” event, a comparison drawn from the book, The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable  by Nassim Taleb.

While diversification is a valuable strategy in a typical year, 2008 has been anything but typical. As one participant said, “Diversification works over time, but not every time.”

While 2008 was a very difficult year, it was not totally unprecedented. Planners with long memories looked back to 1973 – 1974 and 1987 for some solace. Those were also difficult times, but we got through them.

All planners agreed that it was time to revisit their clients’ Investment Policy Statements and their personal financial plans.

One planner admitted to being right about one issue (investing in commodities), but not necessarily for the right reasons. (It was that kind of year.)

Naturally, the Benard Madoff mess came up. Providentially, the clients of only one manager were affected, and then, only by a very small amount. In this particular case, diversification definitely paid off.

Special concern was expressed for those individuals who have recently retired or are just about to retire. The markets may not recover in time enough for these people to fully and thoroughly enjoy what is supposed to be their golden years. As these retirees draw down funds, they will have less and less available to keep invested for the eventual rebound which most people expect. Various strategies were discussed for retirees.

Some technical issues were discussed such as Roth conversions, tax loss harvesting and the best strategies for rebalancing, when markets are volatile and people are worried.

One planner expressed concern about municipal bonds, since many states are under heavy fiscal and financial pressure.

The group consensus was this: We will all be very relieved to say goodbye to 2008.

Investment Guru Predicted Crash

“There will always be someone predicting disaster and someone predicting great fortune. At one time or another, each will be closer to correct than the other. But it won’t matter to you if you understand this and have invested responsibly. You have a long-term plan; stick with it.” Peter Lynch.

In my previous post, one of the individuals quoted was Jeremy Grantham, a very successful money manager, who has been getting a great deal of media attention lately. He was among the “Fortune Tellers” featured in New York Magazine’s December 7th article, Oracles of Doom.

In addition, late last month, Grantham was the sole guest on PBS’s popular investment program, Consuelo Mack: WealthTrack. She described him as a modern-day “Cassandra,” noting that he predicted today’s depressed stock prices a decade ago.

I might be in the minority here but, in my opinion, being pessimistic 10 years in advance isn’t all that useful.

Now, don’t get me wrong, I think Grantham is very intelligent and quite eloquent. He’s also very convincing. The problem I have with him is that he has been bearish for so long, that eventually, he had to be right.

You can read more about his prophesies in Here Comes the Crash, an article published in the November 15, 2004 Fortune magazine.

Talk to Jeremy Grantham about the stock market, and you get the impression the sky is about to fall. For years the chairman and chief strategist of money-management firm Grantham Mayo Van Otterloo has been gleefully rattling listeners’ nerves with his claim that the excesses of the dot-com bubble still haven’t been unwound and that the market is headed for another precipitous drop. About a year ago his prediction became alarmingly specific. Shortly after this year’s election, he says, the market will sink into a “black hole,” losing about a third of its value over the next two to three years. He sounded this warning most publicly at the annual Morningstar investment conference in July. In late October, speaking from his elegant Boston townhouse, he told FORTUNE, “We’re still in the unraveling of the greatest bull market in American history.”

To be fair, from what was printed in the Fortune article, he has been right:

Using GMO’s computer models, he has made several well-timed calls. In 1982, with stocks selling at fire-sale prices and the economy recovering, he predicted the market was ripe for a “major rally.” That year the U.S. market kicked off its longest bull run ever. He also called the top of the Japanese bubble in 1989, the resurgence of U.S. large caps in 1991, and the rallies in U.S. small-cap and value stocks in 2000.

But, he has also been wrong:

He turned bearish on U.S. equities in the mid-1990s, prompting clients to shift money to other firms.

His prediction in 2004 was that “The low will come two or three years from now, at a level below 700 on the S&P.” That’s not what happened at all. In fact, the S& P 500 went up in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007. Finally, in 2008, his pessimism paid off.

A web site from CXO Advisory Group rates investment “gurus.” According to them:

Jeremy Grantham has been persistently very negative about the prospects for U.S. equities (apparently since 1994), but not for international equities.

Based on subsequent stock market performance and our judgments about his forecasts for overall stock market direction, Jeremy Grantham’s forecast accuracy rate is 48%, which is about average. His forecast sample size is very small, as is our confidence in this score.

Note that carefully: 48%. One could argue that an accuracy rate of 48% is not dissimilar from simply using a coin tossed in the air to determine your prediction.

Finally, if the stock market had gone up this year, I doubt that Jeremy Grantham would be getting this much favorable press.

Experts Who Predicted Recession

“The only function of economic forecasting is to make astrology look respectable.” – John Kenneth Galbraith.

I took a look back through my files to see which market economists or analysts correctly predicted that we would eventually have such an awful recession and horrendous stock market decline. In his article, Last Christmas Before Next Recession, Paul B. Farrell of MarketWatch quotes economists and investment gurus who did not pull their punches. You won’t find a “on the one hand this and on the other hand that” quote among the lot.

Of course, this particular group is always making predictions. So please read the entire post, before you decide how “helpful” their predictions actually were.

The quotes are very slightly shortened (for dramatic effect).

Jeremy Grantham of Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co

“Everyone agrees that there are extreme imbalances in the U.S. and the global economy … The bulls believe that all will work out … The bears believe that sooner or later these imbalances will come home to roost. … The probable winning bet [is] a very mean reversal … for the next few years.”

Gary Shilling, economist

“A bursting of the housing bubble will probably be the expansion ender. Signs of the bubble’s demise are accumulating, making a … recession probable.”

Bill Gross of Pimco

“Now after 300 basis points and 17 months of tightening — which by the way is typical of prior bear cycles as well — it should only be logical to expect a slower economy …”

Alan Greenspan

“Our budget position will substantially worsen in the coming years unless major deficit-reducing actions are taken. The consequences for the U.S. economy of doing nothing could be severe.”

Farrell goes on to recommend extreme steps to prepare for the bear market and recession.
“You need a wake up call: Total shift of consciousness, an extreme mental makeover, a massive attitude adjustment. … This is real war.”

He ends with this question, “Are you prepared to survive the recession and bear market likely to hit in 2006?”

Yup. You read that right. That’s 2006. The article was posted on December 12, 2005. Had the article been posted on December 12, 2007 that would have been really impressive. Frankly, being two years early in calling a recession is not at all useful. In point of fact, the S&P 500 had returns of 15.8% in 2006 and 5.5% in 2007.

So, what do you call people who are right, but two years early?

“Wrong.”

The Economy and the Stock Market

“Something that everyone knows isn’t worth knowing.” – Bernard Baruch. 

Baruch was referring to individual stocks, but I take his meaning to include the economy and “the stock market” as a whole. If something is already known, it will have no further influence on individual stocks or the stock market. It is only something new that will affect prices.

Larry Swedroe is the co-author of The Only Guide to Alternative Investments You’ll Ever Need.

In a recent interview with HardAssetsInvestor.com, he talked about commodities, portfolio construction and investing strategy. He also related his outlook for the U.S. economy as a whole to his view on future returns in the stock market. Surprisingly, he is optimistic.

I know, firsthand, that a great many investors are discouraged and/or disgusted with the downturn in the economy, in general, and the decline in the markets, specifically, over the past months. Some investors have fled the stock market for safer investments. And, yes, I realize that it is difficult to find any silver lining in the current dark clouds of the economy.

Certainly, the volatility of the stock market cannot make anyone feel peaceful. It’s clear that optimism is in short supply.

Nevertheless, Swedroe thinks this may be a good time to invest in stocks. Please, consider his logic, which I personally find very persuasive.

HardAssetsInvestor.com: What are your general thoughts about the economy and the stock market here?

Swedroe: The big picture is simply this: Clearly, this is the worst economic crisis we’ve seen since the Great Depression. But wait … did I tell you anything you didn’t already know? The markets know that too. This is the worst market since the Great Depression.

We all know the economic news is going to get worse. Unemployment is going to go up; retail sales are going to go down. But while everyone’s focusing on the bad economic news, they’re forgetting that the market has already understood this.

People are saying, why can’t this be another Great Depression? And it could; you can’t rule that out. But what people fail to understand is this: In the Great Depression, the policy responses were all in the wrong direction. We raised taxes and raised interest rates, increased margin and reserve requirements, and started a trade war. The policy responses this time, whether you agree with them or not, have not only been in the right direction – cutting interest rates, flooding the markets with liquidity, etc. – but they have been the most massive effort ever.

The effort is coordinated around the globe, and countries are pledging to maintain free trade. Every major country is enacting fiscal stimulus programs, all the central banks are cutting interest rates, etc. So while we have had a massive economic crisis, offsetting that are the largest policy responses in history coordinated around the globe. Policy responses take a while to work through the system, while the economic news will continue to look bad for a while.

Remember: Just when things look darkest, stocks tend to have good returns. Prior to this year, when consumer confidence has fallen below 50, the average return for stocks the next year was 16%.

Or consider this: When the unemployment rate is below 4.3%, the average return to stocks is 2%. When the unemployment rate is over 6%, the average return to stocks is 15%.

In the 11 recessions in the post-war era, the cumulative return to stocks is up 7%, and T-bills are up 5%. Returns were positive and better than the risk-free rate. Every time an investor sold stocks and paid taxes, they would have been better off sitting pat in stocks. The only way to do better would have been to forecast the recession, and who can do that?

I cannot guarantee that we will get out of this crisis, but we have gotten out of every other crisis quite well.

(Emphasis added)

Conclusion

Certainly, there is no shortage of bad economic news: Home prices are falling, unemployment is rising, the stock market has had one of its worst years on record, and the automobile industry is asking the federal government for bailouts, like the financial services industry before them. Where will it all end? Is there any good news?

Indeed. Unfortunately, we do not know when the good news will arrive. But, what we do know is that whatever negative that can be said about the economy is already known. If it is widely known, then the bad news is already reflected in current stock prices.

If history has any relevance, and I think it does, after a stock market decline, when pessimism is commonplace, is a very good time to expect stocks to have higher returns.

This may be counterintuitive, but it is true, historically.

Are We Nearer To A Market Bottom?

Milo Benningfield, a fee-only Certified Financial Planner in San Francisco, asks a very good question – Are we closer to the stock market bottom, now that some well-known pundits have turned bearish?

Huh? Market “experts” are worried, so we should get ready to BUY stocks?

To the novice, this may seem perverse, but some stock market observers believe that when “everyone” has become bearish, there is no one left to sell “at any price.” Therefore when “everyone” is fearful, the stock market is likely to go up. So “negative sentiment” is bullish, and vice versa, at least at the extremes (at turning points).

I am obviously delving into the dangerous area of technical analysis by even considering whether stock market sentiment can be an indicator of the future direction of prices. As far as I know, there is no independent academic research showing that this approach results in improved investors’ returns.

For most people, at most times, a buy-and-hold strategy works just fine. And when you think, “this time is different” you are just as likely to be wrong.

On the other hand, I can’t resist.  I simply find this line of thinking fascinating, so here is Benningfield’s post, Pundits Capitulating — Are We Nearer To A Market Bottom?

After months of good-faith efforts to bolster investors’ spirits, several prominent financial journalists threw in the towel this week and turned gloomy. The pundits, at least, are capitulating. Could this mean we’re closer to a market bottom?

Example 1 — Ben Stein
Back in the summer of 2007, after the first wave of the credit crisis hit, New York Times columnist Ben Stein told us the market sell-offs were “nutty,” since “This economy is extremely strong. Profits are superb. The world economy is exploding with growth.”

Over ensuing months, while acknowledging the steady stream of poor economic news, Mr. Stein continued to maintain an upbeat attitude, encouraging investors not to panic and telling them “this big, strong economy will sail on through.” That changed this week. Mr. Stein asks, “What if a slowdown is a never-ending story?” His column raises the specter of a depression, telling us, “This time it’s different . . . The problem now, as in 1929 to 1940, is that the economy is not functioning normally.”

Example 2 — Jason Zweig
Wall Street Journal columnist Jason Zweig has done a valiant job these past several months urging investors to avoid panic and to see the silver lining that has emerged with cheaper stock prices and higher expected returns.

But this week, he, too, turned to the Great Depression in his Wall Street Journal column, “1931 and 2008: Will Market History Repeat Itself?” In the gloomiest terms I’ve ever read from him, Mr. Zweig warned us:

“It is vital to realize that markets are never under some obligation to stop falling merely because they have already fallen by an ungodly amount. It also is vital to explore how bad the worst-case scenario can get and to think about how you would respond if it comes to pass.”

Example 3 — Floyd Norris
The chief financial correspondent for the New York Times, Mr. Norris has done a great job reporting on the credit crisis and, unlike many shyer souls, has been willing to stand up and be counted with his predictions for where a market bottom will likely be found. Not this week. As Mr. Norris put it in his blog, “P.S. I am following the suggestion of several commentators on this blog. I am giving up on trying to identify a market bottom.”

Market bottoms typically require a “capitulation” where the vast majority of investors finally sell most of their assets and walk away in disgust. By many measures, we’re not there yet (and may not be for months). But pundits capitulating is at least a good start.

Nice job, Milo.  I have added your blog Margin of Safety to my list of recommended blogs.

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